Travel in Iceland presents very few health problems. Tap water is safe to drink. The level of hygiene is high and there are no endemic nasties.
The main health risks are caused by exposure to extreme climates: Hypothermia and frostbite. Proper preparation will reduce the risks. Even on a warm day in the mountains, the weather can change rapidly. Carry waterproof outer gear and warm layers, and inform others of your route.
There are no required or recommended vaccinations.
SAFETY
Iceland has a very low crime rate and in general any risks you’ll face while travelling here are related to road safety, the unpredictable weather and the unique geological conditions.
A good place to learn about minimising your risks is Safetravel (www.safetravel.is).
Road Safety ▪ Unique hazards exist for drivers, such as livestock on the roads, single-lane bridges, blind rises and rough gravel roads. ▪ The numerous F roads are suitable only for 4WDs, often involve fording rivers, and are often only open for a few months in summer.
Weather Conditions ▪ Never underestimate the weather. Proper clothing and equipment is essential. The weather can change without warning. ▪ Hikers must obtain a reliable forecast before setting off. ▪ Emergency huts are provided in places where travellers run the risk of getting caught in severe weather. ▪ If you’re driving in winter, carry food, water and blankets in your car.
Geological Risks ▪ When hiking, river crossings can be dangerous, with glacial run-off transforming trickling streams into raging torrents on warm summer days. ▪ High winds can create vicious sandstorms in areas where there is loose volcanic sand. ▪ Hiking paths in coastal areas may only be accessible at low tide. Seek local advice and obtain the relevant tide tables. ▪ In geothermal areas, stick to boardwalks or obviously solid ground. Avoid thin crusts of lighter-coloured soil around steaming fissures and mudpots. ▪ Be careful of the water in hot springs and mudpots. It often emerges from the ground at 100°C. ▪ In glacial areas beware of dangerous quicksand at the ends of glaciers, and never venture out onto the ice without crampons and ice axes (even then, watch out for crevasses). ▪ Snowfields may overlie fissures, sharp lava chunks or slippery slopes of scoria (volcanic slag). ▪ Always get local advice before hiking around live volcanoes. ▪ Only attempt isolated hiking and glacier ascents if you know what you’re doing.
